Supplementary Analyses

Gender

Internalization

Internalization Ns

Table 1:

Total samples for each country for Internalization analysis

	Total N	n Female	n Male
Argentina	721	498	223
Australia	2115	1089	1026
Austria	1351	724	627
Bangladesh	366	203	163
Belgium	1138	467	671
Bolivia	29	17	12
Brazil	1757	1052	705
Bulgaria	632	414	218
Canada	954	579	375
Chile	97	63	34
China	1030	505	525
Colombia	1211	764	447
Costa Rica	25	9	16
Croatia	503	261	242
Cuba	43	22	21
Denmark	553	273	280
Dominican Republic	36	29	7
Ecuador	148	82	66
El Salvador	28	15	13
Finland	649	314	335
France	1107	606	501
Germany	1537	772	765
Greece	633	221	412
Guatemala	48	21	27
Honduras	24	17	7
Hungary	501	258	243
India	589	242	347
Iraq	528	255	273
Ireland	728	485	243
Israel	1242	629	613
Italy	1248	675	573
Japan	1145	586	559
Latvia	993	630	363
Mexico	1235	622	613
Morocco	614	328	286
Nepal	338	180	158
Netherlands	1286	598	688
New Zealand	508	255	253
Nicaragua	16	10	6
Nigeria	516	252	264
North Macedonia	674	380	294
Norway	521	282	239
Pakistan	462	247	215
Panama	18	12	6
Paraguay	16	14	2
Peru	91	41	50
Philippines	497	251	246
Poland	1797	890	907
Puerto Rico*	2	1	1
Romania	494	244	250
Russia	507	271	236
Senegal	298	108	190
Serbia	715	529	186
Singapore	515	265	250
Slovakia	1091	541	550
South Africa	563	422	141
South Korea	486	227	259
Spain	1077	353	724
Sweden	1552	631	921
Switzerland	1053	534	519
Taiwan	833	419	414
Turkey	1423	731	692
Ukraine	577	303	274
United Arab Emirates	182	88	94
United Kingdom	544	278	266
United States	1458	747	711
Uruguay	49	34	15
Venezuela	96	54	42

Note. * = sample too small to be included in analysis below

 

Internalization Table

Table 2:

Gender differences in Internalization for each Country

	mean F	SD F	mean M	SD M	t	df	d	p
Argentina	8.44	1.44	8.02	1.44	-3.42	392.5	0.09	.001*
Australia	7.79	1.78	7.14	1.78	-8.46	2110.82	0.12	< .001**
Austria	8.09	1.58	7.68	1.58	-4.81	1322.95	0.08	< .001**
Bangladesh	8.81	1.29	8.53	1.29	-2.16	353.12	0.32	.031*
Belgium	8.12	1.37	7.52	1.37	-6.94	1065.43	0	< .001**
Bolivia	8.05	1.56	8.52	1.56	0.86	25.61	-0.45	.398
Brazil	8.7	1.37	8.08	1.37	-8.1	1271.37	0.05	< .001**
Bulgaria	8.34	1.75	8.06	1.75	-1.98	444.45	0.29	.049*
Canada	8.12	1.67	7.58	1.67	-4.63	753.2	0.17	< .001**
Chile	8.36	1.4	7.8	1.4	-1.86	66.54	0.47	.067
China	7.58	1.28	7.61	1.28	0.41	1027.93	0	.680
Colombia	8.47	1.5	8.12	1.5	-3.62	839.78	0.09	< .001**
Costa Rica	8.24	1.6	7.95	1.6	-0.47	14.4	-0.74	.648
Croatia	7.94	1.76	7.2	1.76	-4.72	498.58	0.18	< .001**
Cuba	8.87	1.57	8.91	1.57	0.09	40.68	0.14	.927
Denmark	6.79	1.83	7.42	1.83	4.01	550.51	-0.03	< .001**
Dominican Republic	8.99	1.32	7.66	1.32	-1.92	7.79	-0.25	.092
Ecuador	8.21	1.41	8.2	1.41	-0.02	137.1	-0.17	.986
El Salvador	8.53	1.4	8.4	1.4	-0.24	24.71	0.09	.812
Finland	7.97	1.47	7.29	1.47	-5.45	644.03	0.3	< .001**
France	7.15	1.69	6.77	1.69	-3.77	1064.53	0.07	< .001**
Germany	7.39	2.02	7.09	2.02	-3.07	1527.98	0.18	.002*
Greece	8.58	1.19	7.93	1.19	-5.97	543.09	0.34	< .001**
Guatemala	9.19	1.07	8.23	1.07	-2.39	44.36	-0.35	.021*
Honduras	9.15	1.3	8.69	1.3	-0.88	12.98	0.53	.394
Hungary	8.39	1.49	7.69	1.49	-5.01	489.28	0.22	< .001**
India	8.47	1.48	8.48	1.48	0.12	550.15	0.05	.903
Iraq	7.86	1.66	7.71	1.66	-1.02	525.25	-0.05	.310
Ireland	8.71	1.17	8.25	1.17	-4.64	438.3	0.31	< .001**
Israel	8.46	1.42	8.04	1.42	-4.85	1208.38	0.2	< .001**
Italy	7.71	1.64	7.18	1.64	-5.69	1208.65	0.08	< .001**
Japan	6.41	1.59	6.02	1.59	-4.27	1142.94	0.07	< .001**
Latvia	7.36	1.74	6.44	1.74	-7.63	700.8	0.4	< .001**
Mexico	8.47	1.49	8.16	1.49	-3.52	1221.74	-0.03	< .001**
Morocco	8.1	1.77	7.7	1.77	-2.77	596.76	0.08	.006*
Nepal	8.69	1.35	8.12	1.35	-3.55	314.48	0.17	< .001**
Netherlands	8.05	1.36	7.42	1.36	-7.86	1282.99	0.27	< .001**
New Zealand	7.23	1.74	8.03	1.74	5.46	500.89	0.01	< .001**
Nicaragua	8.18	1.78	8.63	1.78	0.52	11.41	-0.35	.615
Nigeria	8.76	1.43	8.6	1.43	-1.3	513.53	-0.1	.194
North Macedonia	8.45	1.45	7.86	1.45	-4.68	568.38	0.1	< .001**
Norway	8.32	1.47	7.56	1.47	-5.74	496.76	0.32	< .001**
Pakistan	8.56	1.5	7.96	1.5	-3.75	410.07	-0.01	< .001**
Panama	8.4	1.93	8.63	1.93	0.29	13.6	-0.2	.773
Paraguay	8.2	1.5	7.3	1.5	-1.12	1.75	0.84	.394
Peru	7.9	1.64	8.27	1.64	1.09	83.37	-0.15	.280
Philippines	8.34	1.67	8.07	1.67	-1.84	494.83	0.02	.066
Poland	7.71	1.76	7.17	1.76	-6.43	1793.8	0.22	< .001**
Puerto Rico	9.8	-	9	-	-	-	-	-
Romania	7.96	1.83	7.6	1.83	-2.27	488.56	0.13	.024*
Russia	7.65	1.83	7.12	1.83	-3.33	498.99	0.19	.001*
Senegal	8.54	1.64	8.24	1.64	-1.54	223.13	0.02	.124
Serbia	8.41	1.57	7.96	1.57	-3.3	315	0.26	.001*
Singapore	7.56	1.7	7.21	1.7	-2.43	512.97	-0.17	.016*
Slovakia	7.8	1.63	7.14	1.63	-6.55	1088.82	0.37	< .001**
South Africa	8.89	1.16	8.29	1.16	-4.39	200.46	0.38	< .001**
South Korea	6.85	1.58	6.7	1.58	-1.02	477.13	-0.09	.307
Spain	8.47	1.3	7.97	1.3	-5.59	788.67	0.31	< .001**
Sweden	8.51	1.25	7.83	1.25	-9.54	1512.41	0.31	< .001**
Switzerland	7.53	1.75	6.83	1.75	-6.63	1050.86	0.06	< .001**
Taiwan	6.71	1.58	6.61	1.58	-0.95	830.97	-0.15	.341
Turkey	8.21	1.61	7.78	1.61	-4.75	1386.97	0.19	< .001**
Ukraine	7.96	1.57	7.14	1.57	-6.19	565.45	0.05	< .001**
United Arab Emirates	8.65	1.4	8.25	1.4	-1.8	179.31	0.22	.074
United Kingdom	8.85	1.14	8.2	1.14	-6.01	512.82	0.33	< .001**
United States	7.67	1.95	7.06	1.95	-6.26	1454.12	-0.22	< .001**
Uruguay	8.24	1.39	7.89	1.39	-0.61	20.36	0.14	.551
Venezuela	8.37	1.98	8.45	1.98	0.22	93.99	-0.12	.829

Note. * = sig. at p < .05; ** = sig. at p < .001

 

Internalization Plot

(open in new window)

Heat Map

Figure 1: Effect size for gender differences in Internalization across countries

Symbolization

Symbolization Ns

Table 3:

Total samples for each country for Symbolization analysis

	Total N	n Female	n Male
Argentina	721	498	223
Australia	2118	1091	1027
Austria	1371	731	640
Bangladesh	370	207	163
Belgium	1149	470	679
Bolivia	29	17	12
Brazil	1765	1057	708
Bulgaria	638	417	221
Canada	956	580	376
Chile	97	63	34
China	1030	505	525
Colombia	1222	771	451
Costa Rica	25	9	16
Croatia	507	263	244
Cuba	43	22	21
Denmark	553	273	280
Dominican Republic	36	29	7
Ecuador	148	82	66
El Salvador	28	15	13
Finland	649	314	335
France	1112	610	502
Germany	1581	794	787
Greece	633	221	412
Guatemala	48	21	27
Honduras	24	17	7
Hungary	505	260	245
India	608	254	354
Iraq	535	255	280
Ireland	732	487	245
Israel	1243	631	612
Italy	1257	679	578
Japan	1151	588	563
Latvia	993	630	363
Mexico	1243	624	619
Morocco	630	333	297
Nepal	341	182	159
Netherlands	1296	602	694
New Zealand	509	256	253
Nicaragua	16	10	6
Nigeria	522	256	266
North Macedonia	688	385	303
Norway	526	282	244
Pakistan	467	249	218
Panama	18	12	6
Paraguay	16	14	2
Peru	91	41	50
Philippines	500	252	248
Poland	1797	890	907
Puerto Rico*	2	1	1
Romania	498	247	251
Russia	507	271	236
Senegal	318	115	203
Serbia	725	535	190
Singapore	517	266	251
Slovakia	1096	544	552
South Africa	604	450	154
South Korea	489	230	259
Spain	1089	357	732
Sweden	1564	635	929
Switzerland	1053	534	519
Taiwan	833	419	414
Turkey	1431	734	697
Ukraine	577	303	274
United Arab Emirates	185	90	95
United Kingdom	545	278	267
United States	1462	751	711
Uruguay	49	34	15
Venezuela	96	54	42

Note. * = sample too small to be included in analysis below

 

Symbolization Table

Table 4:

Gender differences in Symbolization for each Country

	mean F	SD F	mean M	SD M	t	df	d	p
Argentina	5.67	2.26	5.47	2.26	-1.1	425.98	0.09	.272
Australia	5.58	1.99	5.33	1.99	-2.87	2093.45	0.12	.004*
Austria	5.08	2.07	4.92	2.07	-1.49	1357.23	0.08	.137
Bangladesh	6.29	2.1	5.59	2.1	-3	330.38	0.32	.003*
Belgium	4.75	1.85	4.74	1.85	-0.01	1048.03	0	.989
Bolivia	5.89	2.05	6.77	2.05	1.18	24.87	-0.45	.250
Brazil	6.11	2.06	5.98	2.06	-1.18	1431.75	0.06	.238
Bulgaria	5.48	2.27	4.79	2.27	-3.46	425.37	0.29	.001*
Canada	5.2	1.8	4.88	1.8	-2.51	733.9	0.17	.012*
Chile	5.93	2.15	4.88	2.15	-2.1	61.15	0.47	.039*
China	6.44	1.51	6.44	1.51	-0.07	1025.55	0	.944
Colombia	5.85	2.26	5.62	2.26	-1.63	925.07	0.1	.103
Costa Rica	4.58	1.85	6.21	1.85	1.86	21.02	-0.74	.077
Croatia	5.22	2.07	4.87	2.07	-1.99	505	0.18	.047*
Cuba	7.25	2.66	6.91	2.66	-0.44	40.94	0.14	.665
Denmark	4.46	2.01	4.52	2.01	0.36	550.92	-0.03	.722
Dominican Republic	6.83	2.36	7.37	2.36	0.83	17.32	-0.25	.417
Ecuador	6.04	2.34	6.43	2.34	1.03	141.47	-0.17	.306
El Salvador	4.96	2.95	4.68	2.95	-0.23	23.96	0.09	.818
Finland	4.09	1.98	3.49	1.98	-3.87	643.85	0.3	< .001**
France	5.37	1.89	5.24	1.89	-1.12	1067.69	0.07	.262
Germany	4.61	2.22	4.22	2.22	-3.57	1578.1	0.18	< .001**
Greece	4.98	1.73	4.38	1.73	-4.11	462.59	0.34	< .001**
Guatemala	5.56	2.28	6.38	2.28	1.18	44.64	-0.35	.243
Honduras	7.88	1.85	6.94	1.85	-1.16	11.6	0.53	.271
Hungary	5.68	2.12	5.23	2.12	-2.41	502.54	0.21	.016*
India	5.05	2.48	5.01	2.48	-0.17	512.15	0.01	.863
Iraq	5.81	1.82	5.87	1.82	0.33	531.71	-0.03	.744
Ireland	5.19	1.99	4.57	1.99	-3.92	481.79	0.31	< .001**
Israel	5.18	2.03	4.78	2.03	-3.42	1239.94	0.19	.001*
Italy	5.94	1.94	5.78	1.94	-1.51	1228.86	0.09	.132
Japan	4.5	1.68	4.38	1.68	-1.18	1141.04	0.07	.236
Latvia	5.17	1.87	4.42	1.87	-6.03	747.14	0.4	< .001**
Mexico	6.11	2.3	6.17	2.3	0.48	1240.07	-0.03	.629
Morocco	5.31	2.24	5.14	2.24	-0.96	615.25	0.08	.338
Nepal	6.75	1.74	6.46	1.74	-1.52	327.02	0.17	.130
Netherlands	5.06	1.91	4.53	1.91	-4.87	1282.91	0.27	< .001**
New Zealand	5.4	1.9	5.35	1.9	-0.27	506.78	0.02	.785
Nicaragua	5.42	3.22	6.43	3.22	0.65	11.68	-0.35	.527
Nigeria	7.1	2	7.29	2	1.14	512.1	-0.1	.256
North Macedonia	5.41	2.19	5.22	2.19	-1.15	652.48	0.09	.250
Norway	5.08	1.88	4.52	1.88	-3.55	520.43	0.31	< .001**
Pakistan	6.02	1.86	6.02	1.86	-0.04	444.72	0	.967
Panama	5.57	2.29	6.07	2.29	0.32	7.26	-0.2	.758
Paraguay	6.51	2.65	4.5	2.65	-2.33	6.88	0.84	.054
Peru	5.7	2.19	6.04	2.19	0.71	87.2	-0.15	.478
Philippines	6.58	2.04	6.55	2.04	-0.19	495.11	0.02	.852
Poland	5.67	1.96	5.25	1.96	-4.71	1785.89	0.22	< .001**
Puerto Rico	8.8	-	6.8	-	-	-	-	-
Romania	6.37	1.98	6.11	1.98	-1.51	492.41	0.14	.133
Russia	4.25	2.04	3.86	2.04	-2.14	494.62	0.19	.033*
Senegal	5.51	2.29	5.54	2.29	0.09	261.84	-0.01	.928
Serbia	4.49	2.26	3.9	2.26	-3.24	355.4	0.26	.001*
Singapore	5.43	1.86	5.74	1.86	1.92	514.36	-0.17	.056
Slovakia	5.84	2.01	5.1	2.01	-6.05	1093.94	0.37	< .001**
South Africa	6.08	2.1	5.21	2.1	-4.18	249.59	0.41	< .001**
South Korea	6.03	1.54	6.16	1.54	0.96	468.68	-0.09	.339
Spain	5.39	1.98	4.77	1.98	-4.89	711.96	0.32	< .001**
Sweden	5.07	2.02	4.43	2.02	-6.11	1359.93	0.32	< .001**
Switzerland	4.95	1.97	4.84	1.97	-0.9	1051	0.06	.369
Taiwan	4.97	1.75	5.25	1.75	2.21	821.58	-0.15	.027*
Turkey	6.17	2.39	5.73	2.39	-3.67	1426.52	0.19	< .001**
Ukraine	4.44	2.11	4.32	2.11	-0.64	545.09	0.05	.521
United Arab Emirates	6.14	1.81	5.68	1.81	-1.59	181.6	0.23	.113
United Kingdom	4.86	2.08	4.2	2.08	-3.78	543	0.32	< .001**
United States	5.85	2	6.31	2	4.1	1422.19	-0.22	< .001**
Uruguay	5.42	2.28	5.11	2.28	-0.45	27.87	0.14	.655
Venezuela	5.93	2.73	6.23	2.73	0.58	92.37	-0.12	.560

Note. * = sig. at p < .05; ** = sig. at p < .001

 

Symbolization Plot

(open in new window)

Heat Map

Figure 2: Effect size for gender differences in Symbolization across countries

Age

Age & Internalization

Table 5:

Correlation between Age and Internalization for each Country

	mean age	SD age	mean internalization	SD internalization	N	r	p
Argentina	47.38	15.29	8.31	1.5	721	0.151	< .001**
Australia	47.07	17.58	7.47	1.79	2127	-0.207	< .001**
Austria	49.8	14.19	7.9	1.59	1354	0.103	< .001**
Bangladesh	32.35	11.01	8.67	1.28	364	-0.234	< .001**
Belgium	46.17	18.62	7.77	1.49	1139	0.153	< .001**
Bolivia	43.41	12.98	8.24	1.47	29	0.389	.037*
Brazil	37.21	14.09	8.45	1.56	1765	0.089	< .001**
Bulgaria	30.53	10.99	8.25	1.74	624	0.036	.366
Canada	43.41	17.39	7.91	1.74	961	-0.074	.022*
Chile	49.21	15.47	8.16	1.43	97	-0.033	.750
China	43.24	14.02	7.59	1.31	1030	0.07	.025*
Colombia	40.57	15.45	8.34	1.59	1210	0.123	< .001**
Costa Rica	44.64	12.73	8.06	1.42	25	0.082	.696
Croatia	45.96	14.56	7.58	1.79	505	0.019	.669
Cuba	48.65	12.73	8.89	1.46	43	-0.027	.863
Denmark	48.91	17.52	7.11	1.86	553	0.061	.151
Dominican Republic	40.39	12.46	8.73	1.48	36	-0.095	.580
Ecuador	40.64	11.98	8.21	1.43	148	0.05	.550
El Salvador	46.43	11.51	8.47	1.43	28	0.222	.257
Finland	38.27	12.94	7.64	1.63	677	0.082	.032*
France	43.13	16.16	6.97	1.71	1111	-0.096	.001*
Germany	49.34	16.16	7.24	1.95	1543	-0.051	.045*
Greece	29.77	11.45	8.16	1.44	635	0.112	.005*
Guatemala	44.67	13.31	8.65	1.52	48	0.182	.215
Honduras	39.25	14.3	9.02	1.25	24	-0.075	.728
Hungary	48.57	16.52	8.05	1.59	501	0.055	.222
India	32.89	11.72	8.46	1.58	594	-0.05	.224
Iraq	31.06	14.08	7.78	1.69	532	0.006	.882
Ireland	38.18	14.64	8.55	1.26	725	0.06	.107
Israel	41.19	15.24	8.25	1.54	1241	0.058	.040*
Italy	46.76	16.72	7.47	1.66	1251	0.037	.187
Japan	47.12	15.2	6.21	1.57	1148	-0.036	.220
Latvia	45.68	14.12	7.02	1.86	996	0.021	.499
Mexico	47.82	13.77	8.31	1.56	1237	0.165	< .001**
Morocco	32.11	12.61	7.92	1.8	616	-0.04	.318
Nepal	27.99	7.61	8.42	1.47	340	0.135	.013*
Netherlands	49.61	16.81	7.71	1.48	1286	0.155	< .001**
New Zealand	45.73	17.62	7.63	1.7	509	-0.095	.032*
Nicaragua	42.75	14.84	8.35	1.69	16	-0.048	.861
Nigeria	32.1	10.89	8.68	1.44	515	0.065	.142
North Macedonia	37.95	11.51	8.19	1.6	670	0.158	< .001**
Norway	46.98	17.36	7.97	1.55	522	0.028	.528
Pakistan	26.93	8.35	8.31	1.67	458	0.073	.117
Panama	44.11	17.32	8.48	1.72	18	0.153	.545
Paraguay	38.94	9.33	8.09	1.45	16	0.335	.205
Peru	46.21	14.43	8.1	1.59	91	-0.051	.630
Philippines	36.77	12.3	8.2	1.64	499	-0.02	.664
Poland	46.45	17.1	7.44	1.77	1800	0.064	.007*
Puerto Rico	64	16.97	9.4	0.57	2	-	-
Romania	42.61	14.39	7.78	1.78	493	0.011	.800
Russia	45.03	15.63	7.4	1.82	507	-0.015	.740
Senegal	35.62	13.04	8.34	1.66	300	-0.108	.063
Serbia	42.69	11.81	8.28	1.61	710	0.096	.010*
Singapore	42.97	13.75	7.39	1.65	516	-0.028	.526
Slovakia	43.55	15.86	7.47	1.69	1091	0.033	.269
South Africa	39.64	13.34	8.74	1.27	559	0.016	.714
South Korea	42.05	13.76	6.77	1.59	487	-0.027	.556
Spain	45.99	13.67	8.14	1.45	1077	0.16	< .001**
Sweden	52.94	15.38	8.11	1.48	1552	0.118	< .001**
Switzerland	47.97	16.66	7.18	1.77	1053	0.048	.118
Taiwan	43.99	13.25	6.66	1.57	833	0.073	.036*
Turkey	37.3	15.28	8	1.71	1426	0.037	.158
Ukraine	37.45	8.03	7.57	1.64	577	-0.111	.008*
United Arab Emirates	31.9	8.6	8.46	1.5	181	-0.013	.865
United Kingdom	45.61	15.58	8.53	1.3	546	-0.055	.196
United States	44.43	16.56	7.37	1.9	1459	-0.198	< .001**
Uruguay	52.88	13.7	8.13	1.58	49	0.247	.087
Venezuela	46.53	12.97	8.4	1.79	96	0.074	.474

Note. * = sig. at p < .05; ** = sig. at p < .001

 

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Age & Symbolization

Table 6:

Correlation between Age and Symbolization for each Country

	mean age	SD age	mean symbolization	SD symbolization	N	r	p
Argentina	47.38	15.29	5.61	2.26	721	0.151	< .001**
Australia	47.07	17.59	5.46	2.03	2130	-0.206	< .001**
Austria	49.81	14.14	5	2.04	1373	0.101	< .001**
Bangladesh	32.27	11	5.96	2.23	367	-0.235	< .001**
Belgium	46.24	18.63	4.75	1.92	1150	0.156	< .001**
Bolivia	43.41	12.98	6.26	2	29	0.389	.037*
Brazil	37.22	14.09	6.05	2.14	1773	0.087	< .001**
Bulgaria	30.67	11.14	5.24	2.36	630	0.032	.425
Canada	43.44	17.38	5.07	1.91	963	-0.073	.024*
Chile	49.21	15.47	5.56	2.29	97	-0.033	.750
China	43.24	14.02	6.44	1.51	1030	0.07	.025*
Colombia	40.58	15.45	5.77	2.29	1221	0.121	< .001**
Costa Rica	44.64	12.73	5.62	2.38	25	0.082	.696
Croatia	45.96	14.56	5.06	2.01	509	0.025	.578
Cuba	48.65	12.73	7.09	2.53	43	-0.027	.863
Denmark	48.91	17.52	4.49	2.02	553	0.061	.151
Dominican Republic	40.39	12.46	6.93	2.19	36	-0.095	.580
Ecuador	40.64	11.98	6.21	2.3	148	0.05	.550
El Salvador	46.43	11.51	4.83	3.11	28	0.222	.257
Finland	38.27	12.94	3.79	1.98	677	0.082	.032*
France	43.18	16.19	5.31	1.89	1116	-0.093	.002*
Germany	49.58	16.14	4.43	2.2	1587	-0.049	.050
Greece	29.77	11.45	4.58	1.79	635	0.112	.005*
Guatemala	44.67	13.31	6.02	2.41	48	0.182	.215
Honduras	39.25	14.3	7.61	1.85	24	-0.075	.728
Hungary	48.53	16.56	5.46	2.1	505	0.051	.254
India	33.05	11.79	5.05	2.36	614	-0.062	.124
Iraq	31.05	14	5.8	1.89	540	0.007	.875
Ireland	38.16	14.62	4.97	2.03	728	0.059	.109
Israel	41.2	15.24	4.98	2.04	1242	0.057	.045*
Italy	46.7	16.72	5.86	1.93	1260	0.033	.239
Japan	47.11	15.2	4.43	1.73	1154	-0.038	.200
Latvia	45.68	14.12	4.89	1.92	996	0.021	.499
Mexico	47.81	13.75	6.14	2.32	1245	0.164	< .001**
Morocco	32.26	12.68	5.23	2.27	634	-0.039	.327
Nepal	28.02	7.59	6.62	1.8	343	0.139	.010*
Netherlands	49.63	16.83	4.78	1.98	1296	0.158	< .001**
New Zealand	45.76	17.62	5.37	1.91	510	-0.09	.043*
Nicaragua	42.75	14.84	5.8	3.04	16	-0.048	.861
Nigeria	32.08	10.84	7.2	1.92	521	0.064	.146
North Macedonia	38.04	11.54	5.32	2.18	684	0.161	< .001**
Norway	46.97	17.4	4.82	1.85	527	0.035	.426
Pakistan	26.95	8.33	6.04	1.93	463	0.07	.133
Panama	44.11	17.32	5.73	2.65	18	0.153	.545
Paraguay	38.94	9.33	6.26	2.56	16	0.335	.205
Peru	46.21	14.43	5.89	2.25	91	-0.051	.630
Philippines	36.8	12.3	6.56	1.95	502	-0.015	.733
Poland	46.45	17.1	5.45	1.92	1800	0.064	.007*
Puerto Rico	64	16.97	7.8	1.41	2	-	-
Romania	42.65	14.43	6.24	1.92	497	0.016	.715
Russia	45.03	15.63	4.07	2.06	507	-0.015	.740
Senegal	35.52	13.04	5.5	2.51	320	-0.091	.104
Serbia	42.69	11.85	4.34	2.23	720	0.097	.009*
Singapore	43.01	13.74	5.58	1.84	518	-0.029	.505
Slovakia	43.57	15.85	5.47	2.05	1096	0.033	.278
South Africa	39.67	13.25	5.87	2.17	601	0.026	.527
South Korea	42.04	13.75	6.09	1.48	490	-0.024	.590
Spain	46	13.68	4.97	2.01	1089	0.157	< .001**
Sweden	52.91	15.4	4.69	2.04	1564	0.12	< .001**
Switzerland	47.97	16.66	4.9	1.94	1053	0.048	.118
Taiwan	43.99	13.25	5.11	1.84	833	0.073	.036*
Turkey	37.28	15.29	5.96	2.3	1434	0.036	.171
Ukraine	37.45	8.03	4.38	2.26	577	-0.111	.008*
United Arab Emirates	31.83	8.56	5.9	1.98	184	-0.013	.856
United Kingdom	45.61	15.57	4.54	2.06	547	-0.055	.195
United States	44.44	16.55	6.07	2.13	1463	-0.199	< .001**
Uruguay	52.88	13.7	5.32	2.24	49	0.247	.087
Venezuela	46.53	12.97	6.06	2.58	96	0.074	.474

Note. * = sig. at p < .05; ** = sig. at p < .001

 

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Symbolization & Cultural Measures

Power Distance

Power Distance

Figure 3: Relationship between Power Diatance and Symbolization

Individualism

Figure 4: Relationship between Individualism and Symbolization

Masculinity

Figure 5: Relationship between Masculinity and Symbolization

Long Term Orientation

Figure 6: Relationship between Long Term Orientation and Symbolization

Indulgence

Figure 7: Relationship between Indulgence and Symbolization

Tightness Domain General

Figure 8: Relationship between Domain General Tightness and Symbolization

Tightness Domain Specific

Figure 9: Relationship between Domain Specific Tightness and Symbolization

Tightness Combination

Figure 10: Relationship between Tightness: Combination and Symbolization

Internalization & Cultural Measures

Power Distance

Figure 11: Relationship between Power Diatance and Internalization

Individualism

Figure 12: Relationship between Individualism and Internalization

Uncertainty Avoidance

Figure 13: Relationship between Uncertainty Avoidance and Internalization

Long Term Orientation

Figure 14: Relationship between Long Term Orientation and Internalization

Indulgence

Figure 15: Relationship between Indulgence and Internalization

Tightness Domain General

Figure 16: Relationship between Domain General Tightness and Internalization

Tightness Domain Specific

Figure 17: Relationship between Domain Specific Tightness and Internalization

Tightness Combination

Figure 18: Relationship between Tightness: Combination and Internalization